1. Kevin O’Rourke and Jeffrey Williamson, “Late Nineteenth-Century Anglo-American Factor Price Convergence: Were Hecksher and ohlin Right?,” Journal of Economic History 54 (1994): 892–916.
2. Kevin O’Rourke and Jeffrey Williamson, “Around the European Periphery, 1870–1913: Globalization, Schooling and Growth,” European Review of Economic History 1 (1997): 153–90.
3. Heckscher and Ohlin were active over the early twentieth century. Their work is translated in H. Flam and M. J. Flanders, Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991).
4. Timothy Hatton and Jeffrey Williamson, Global Migration and the World Economy: Two Centuries of Policy and Performance (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006).
5. For the best introduction to the debates, see Kevin O’Rourke and Jeffrey Williamson, Globalization and History: The Evolution of a Nineteenth-Century Atlantic Economy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999).