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3. A. Douglas (1984) ‘Violence and Fascism: The Case of the Faisceau’, Journal of Contemporary History, 19, 689–712;
4. S. Kennedy (2007) ‘Pitfalls of Paramilitarism: The Croix de feu, the Parti social français and the French State, 1934–1939’, Journal of Conflict Studies, 27, 64–79;
5. K. Passmore (1995) ‘Boy Scouting for Grown-ups? Paramilitarism in the Croix de feu and the Parti social français’, French Historical Studies, 19, 527–57.