1. Joseph Epstein, Gossip: The Untrivial Pursuit (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2011), 178.
2. Rodger Streitmatter, Mightier than the Sword: How the News Media Have Shaped American History, 2nd ed. (new York: Westview Press, 2008), 10–13.
3. Gaye Tuchman, “Making News by Doing Works,” American Journal of Sociology 79.1 (1973): 110–131.
4. Sam N. Lehman-Wilzig and Michal Seletzky, “Hard News, Soft News, ‘General’ News: The Necessity and the Utility of an Intermediate Classification,” Journalism 11.1 (2010): 38.
5. Kay Mills, A Place in the News: From the Women’s Pages to the Front Pages (new York: Morningside, 1990), 110.