1. Rozina Visram, Asians in Britain: 400 Years of History (London: Pluto Press, 2002), 170–1. Arthur Bigge, 1st Baron Stamfordham, was Private Secretary to Queen Victoria from 1895 to 1901 and to George V from 1910 to 1931. Chirlo was a journalist at The Times between the early 1890s and 1911, and director of the paper’s foreign department. A prominent imperialist, he wrote about his views on the dangers of Muslim insurgence in his 1910 book Indian Unrest.
2. See Linda Fritzinger, Diplomat Without Portfolio: Valentine Chirol, His Life and ‘The Times’ (New York: I.B. Tauris, 2006).
3. Andrew S. Thompson, Imperial Britain: The Empire in British Politics c1880–1920 (New York: Routledge, 2000), 158. See also Das, ed., Race, Empire, 4 for a useful discussion of the basis and source for the numbers of colonial and other non-European personnel serving between 1914 and 1919.
4. Laura Tabili, We Ask for British Justice: Workers and Racial Difference in Late Imperial Britain (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994), 16.
5. Rozina Visram, Ayahs, Lascars, and Princes: Indians in Britain 1700–1974 (London: Pluto, 1986), 113