1. C.J. Martin, ‘A Demographic Study of an Immigrant Community: The Indian Population of British East Africa’, Population Studies, 6.3, 1953, pp. 233–47;
2. R.G. Gregory, South Asians in East Africa: An Economic and Social History, 1890–1990, Boulder, Westview Press Inc., 1993, p. 13.
3. R. Coupland, East Africa and its Invaders from the Earliest Times to the Death of Seyyid Said 1856, London, Clarendon Press, 1938, p. 16; M.N. Pearson, Port Cities and Intruders: The Swahili Coast, India and Portugal in the Early Modern Area, Baltimore, John Hopkins University Press, 1998, p. 11.
4. M. Reda Bhacker, Trade and Empire in Muscat and Zanzibar: The Roots of British Domination, London, Routledge, 1992, p. 11.
5. Michael N. Pearson (ed.), The World of Indian Ocean: 1500–1800, Aldershot, Ashgate, 2005, p. 243.