1. See Jorg Raab and H. Brinton Milward, “Dark Networks as Problems,” Journal of Public Administration Research 13, no. 4 (October 2003): 413–439.
2. See, for example, Matt McDonald, “Securitization and the Construction of Security,” European Journal of International Relations 14, no. 4 (2008): 563–587.
3. See Samuel P. Huntington, “Political Development and Political Decay,” World Politics 17, no. 3 (April 1965): 386–430.
4. For a discussion of the relationship between sociology as a “discipline” arid cri mi nology as a “field of study “ see Ronald L. Akcrs, “Linking Sociology and lis Specialties: The Case of Criminology,” Social Forces 71, no. 10 (September 1992): 4.
5. See Emmanuel Akyeampong, “Diaspora and Drug Trafficking in West Africa: A Case Study of Ghana,” African Affairs 104, no. 416 (2005): 430.