1. Wood explains these distinctions: In the category of interest relations the selection of contacts is made from the point of view of the service the relations may render toward the realization of some dominant interest; thus such relations are means to other ends rather than ends in themselves. For example, considerations of personaliry, group membership, and social status are of secondary importance in business relations, relations between employer and employee, lawyer and client, and so forth. On the other hand, relations in which sentiment takes the place of calculation are ends in themselves. They comprise the great number of relationships in which the satisfaction of the desire for affectionate response is the main purpose. They are characterized by intimacy, mutual attachment, and sympathy. Such, for example, are the relationships established in acquaintance, friendship, and love. Margaret Mary Wood, Paths ofLoneliness: The Individual Isolated in Modern Society (New York: Columbia University Press, 1960), 10.
2. Theodore Abel, “The Significance of the Concept of Consciousness of Kind,” Social Forces 9, no. 1 (October 1930): 7. Abel does slightly steer aside from entirely mapping sentiment relations onto Gemeinschaft by arguing that he grounds them in a “consciousness of kind” rather than Tönnies’s Wesenswille. For our purposes, however, this distinction is irrelevant. First, Wood does not even go into it—she does not even mention Tönnies. Second, it is these basic social relations and not their grounding that is crucial to Wood’s analysis. Abel acknowledges that the basic distinctions in these relations are those of Tönnies.
3. Theodore Caplow, “The Sociologist and the Homeless Man,” in Disaffiliated Man: Essays and Bibliography on Skid Row, Vagrancy, and Outsiders, ed. Howard M. Bahr (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1970), 7.
4. Theodore Caplow, Howard M. Bahr, and David Sternberg, “Homelessness,” in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences 6, ed. David L. Sills (New York: Crowell Collier and Macmillan, 1968), 494.
5. Howard M. Bahr, “Family Size and Stability as Antecedents of Homelessness and Excessive Drinking,” Journal of Marriage and the Family 31, no. 3 (August 1969): 477–83.