1. Nelida Fuccaro, “Pearl Towns and Early Oil Cities: Migration and Integration in the Arab Coast of the Persian Gulf,” in The City in the Ottoman Empire: Migration and the Making of Urban Modernity, ed. Ulrike Freitag, Malte Fuhrmann, Nora Lafi, and Florian Riedler (London: Routledge, 2011), 99–116.
2. K. N. Chaudhuri, Asia Before Europe: Economy and Civilisation of the Indian Ocean from the Rise of Islam to 1750 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990)
3. Michael Pearson, The Indian Ocean, Seas in History (London: Routledge, 2003), and his article, “Littoral Society: The Concept and the Problems,” Journal of World History 17, no. 4 (2006): 353–54.
4. Also Abdul Sheriff, Dhow Cultures of the Indian Ocean: Cosmopolitanism, Commerce and Islam (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010)
5. Edward A. Alpers, The Indian Ocean in World History, New Oxford World History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013)