1. Edward B. Barbier (2011) Scarcity and Frontiers: How Economies Have Developed Through Natural Resource Exploitation. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
2. World Bank (2011) The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium. Washington DC: World Bank.
3. Gavin Wright (1990) “The Origins of American Industrial Success. 1879–1940”, American Economic Review, 80: 651–668, p. 666.
4. For example, based on historical records of the trends in capital/income ratios for a handful of countries in Europe and North America since the 18th century, Thomas Piketty (2014) Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, p. 164 concludes: “Over the long run, the nature of wealth was totally transformed: capital in the form of agricultural land was gradually replaced by industrial and financial capital and urban real estate. Yet the most striking fact was surely that in spite of these transformations, the total value of the capital stock, measured in years of national income — the ratio that measures the overall importance of capital in the economy and society — appears not to have changed very much over a very long period of time.”
5. See C. Anthony Wrigley (1988) Continuity, Chance and Change: The Character of the Industrial Revolution in England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press;