1. E. Evatt, ‘Foreword’, in H. Charlesworth and C. Chinkin, The Boundaries of International Law: A Feminist Analysis (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000), p. x.
2. The term ‘victim’ ‘connotes powerlessness and stigmatisation’: UNHCR, ‘Sexual and gender-based violence against refugees, returnees and internally displaced persons: Guidelines for prevention and response’ (UNHCR, May 2003), p. 6. Thus, I generally use the term ‘survivor’ in recognition of the agency and resilience of individuals who have experienced sexual violence. However, I use the term ‘victim’ vis-à-vis the under-representation of male survivors, as it is the idea of perceiving men as ‘victims’ that appears to jar. I place the term in quotation marks not to ‘call into question the urgency or credibility of [male “victimhood”] as a political issue, but rather to show that the way [its] materiality is circumscribed is fully political’: J. Butler, ‘Contingent foundations: Feminism and the question of “postmodernism”’, in S. Seidman (ed.), The Postmodern Turn: New Perspectives on Social Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994) 153, p. 170.
3. L. Stemple, ‘Male rape and human rights’, Hastings Law Journal, Vol. 60, No. 3 (2009) 605, p. 635.
4. See, for example, African Rights, Rwanda: Not So Innocent — When Women Become Killers (London: African Rights, 1995);
5. M. Alison, Women and Political Violence: Female Combatants in Ethno-National Conflict (Abingdon: Routledge, 2009);