1. Annelise Riles, “Introduction. In Response,” in i (ed.), Documents. Artefacts of Modern Knowledge (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006), p. 17.
2. Claude Lefort, “What is Bureaucracy?” in The Political Forms of Modern Society. Bureaucracy, Democracy, Totalitarianism (ed. and intro. John B. Thompson) (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1986), pp. 120–121. The translation has been lightly edited.
3. Michel de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life, trans. Steven Rendall (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988); Jean-François Bayart, “Le politique par le bas en Afrique noire,” Politique africaine, 1 (1981): 53–82;
4. Jean-François Bayart, Achille Mbembe, and Comi Toulabor, Le Politique par le bas en Afrique Noire (Paris: Karthala, 2008).
5. This conceptualization cornes from John Lonsdale, “The Conquest State of Kenya, 1895–1905,” in Jaap A. de Moor and H. L. Wesseling (eds.), Imperialism and War. Essays on Colonial Wars in Asia and Africa (Leiden: Brill, 1989).