1. Chŏng Hye-kyŏng, Ilbon chegukkwa chosŏnin nomuja kongch’ul: Chosŏnin kangje yŏnhaeng, kangje nodong yŏn’gu, II (Seoul: Sŏnin, 2011), p. 23.
2. Chŏng Hye-kyŏng, Ilbon’cheguk’kwa chosŏnin nomuja kongch’ul (Seoul: Sŏnin, 2011), p. 49.
3. Soon-Won Park, Colonial Industrialisation and Labour in Korea: The Onoda Cement Factory (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999), p. 31.
4. Yi Sang-ŭi, ‘Ilchejibae malgiŭi “nomugwalli” wa nodongt’ongje’, Yŏksawahyŏnsil, Vol. 50 (2003), 460.
5. Yi Song-sun, ‘Ilcheha chŏnsi ch’ejegi singyang baegŭp chŏngch’aegŭi silsiwa gŭ silt’ae’, Sarim, Vol. 16, (2001), 31–2.