1. William Forbes (1730) The Institutes of the Law of Scotland Comprising the Criminal Law in Two Parts, Second Volume (Edinburgh; Glasgow: John Mosman & Co.), pp. 116–17.
2. David Hume (1797) Commentaries on the Law of Scotland, Vol. 2 (Edinburgh), pp. 335–6.
3. John W. Cairns (1988) ‘John Millar’s Lectures on Scots Criminal Law’, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 8, pp. 393–4.
4. Brian Dempsey (2006) ‘By the Law of This and Every Well Governed Realm: Investigating Accusations of Sodomy in Nineteenth Century Scotland’, Juridical Review, 2, p. 104.
5. Archibald Alison (1832) Principles of the Criminal Law of Scotland (Edinburgh: Blackwood), p. 566.