1. See, for example, H. Bortfeldt and W. C. Thompson (1993) ‘The German Communists’, in D. S. Bell (ed.), West European Communists and the Collapse of Communism (Oxford: Berg), p. 156.
2. G. Fagan (1992) ‘The Party of Democratic Socialism’, Labour Focus on Eastern Europe, 41, p. 33.
3. F. Oswald (1996) ‘The Party of Democratic Socialism: Ex-Communists Entrenched as East German Regional Protest Party’, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 12 (2), p. 177.
4. H. Bortfeldt (1991) ‘The German Communists in Disarray’, Journal of Communist Studies, 7 (4), p. 523.
5. G. Fagan (1997) ‘The German PDS and EU Expansion’, Labour Focus on Eastern Europe, 56, pp. 98–101.