1. Karl Marx, Capital, Volume 1, Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1978, p. 703.
2. Paresh Chattopadhyay, ‘Neither Liberalization nor Statist Regime’, Bulleting of Concerned Asian Scholars, 27 (4), 1995, pp. 53–6
3. Kiren A. Chaudhry, ‘The Myths of the Market and the Common History of the Late Developers’, Politics and Society, 21 (3), September 1993, pp. 245–74 at p. 250–1; W. W. Rostow, The Stages of Economic Growth, p. 163.
4. See Alexander Gerschenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective, Harvard University Press, 1966, especially chapter 1.
5. See Graeme Gill, ‘Russian State-Building and the Problems of Geo-Politics’, Archives Européennes de Sociologie, 37 (1), 1996, pp. 77–103 at pp. 87–8. According to a US representative in 1904, ‘The Russian state is itself the biggest landowner, capitalist and entrepreneur in the world’ (US Department of Commerce quoted in Ruth A. Roosa, ‘Russian Industrialists and “State Socialism”, 1906–17’, Soviet Studies, 23, January 1972, pp. 395–417 at p. 397).