Aspects of the dynamics of osteogenesis and bone tissue resorption markers concentrations in elite biathlonists due to the compression specificity of the cyclic training aids used at the stages of the early season

Abstract

Aim: study the dynamics of osteogenesis and bone resorption markers in elite biathlonists owing to the “compression” specifics of cyclic training aids, mainly used at the stages of the early season of the annual training cycle.Materials and methods: 23 elite biathlonists undergoing centralized training as the members of the Russian national team took part in the study.Results: no changes in the P1NP amounts reaching a reliable level were recorded throughout the early season. The average group osteocalcin amount at the precompetition stage significantly (p < 0,05) increased compared with that measured at the special preliminary stage. Dynamics of β-CrossLaps concentration showed significant (p < 0,05) decrease during the transition from the general preliminary to the special preliminary stage.Conclusion: the degree of intense training activity influence on the activity of bone cells and in turn the response of bone tissue to training loads depend on a set of exercise parameters performed by the athlete, such as duration, intensity, specificity, recovery time and mechanical stress. Optimizing the ratio of cyclic aids with different levels of compression loads during specialized training promotes adaptive changes which protect bone tissue from resorption affected by intense physical exercises. When analyzing the levels of bone metabolism markers for diagnosis and monitoring disorders associated with skeletal overload which could occur high-intensity training loads, an individual approach as well as recognition of the load specifics and parameters performed by an athlete at a specific stage of the training macrocycle are required.