Is APOE-ε4 a risk factor for cognitive impairment in normal aging?

Abstract

Objectives: To examine the relationship between APOE genotype and cognitive functioning in normal aging, and to determine whether this relationship was moderated by age or the presence of a number of disease conditions, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes.Methods: The sample was drawn from the Charlotte County Healthy Aging Study, a community-based, cross-sectional study of randomly selected older adults in Charlotte County, FL. A total of 413 older adults (mean age = 72.90 years) were examined in the current study. Participants completed tasks that indexed a variety of dimensions of cognitive functioning, including episodic memory, implicit memory, psychomotor speed, and attention. In addition, participants provided self-reported and objective indices of health status and were genotyped for APOE.Results: Mean-level results indicated that groups with and without the APOE-ε4 allele performed similarly on all domains of cognitive functioning. Significant age group differences were observed in episodic memory, psychomotor speed, and attention but not implicit memory. Significant gender differences were present for episodic memory and the Stroop test. Analyses also indicated that participants’ age did not exert an impact on the relationship between APOE-ε4 and cognitive functioning. Further, the presence of cardiovascular disease or diabetes did little to moderate the relationship between APOE-ε4 and cognition.Conclusions: The authors found no evidence for a relationship between presence of the APOE-ε4 allele and cognitive functioning. Further, age or the presence of a number of chronic conditions did not significantly moderate the effect of APOE genotype on cognitive performance. These results indicate that the presence of the ε4 allele is not a risk factor for cognitive impairment in normal aging.