Simplified Inverter-Based Generation Model for Protection and Short-Term Stability Studies in Electromagnetic Transient Resolution

Abstract

The new dynamics of inverter-based generation (IBG) and the lack of accurate models jeopardize the safety of power systems. Additionally, most of the detailed models for electromagnetic transients (EMT) from manufacturers are black boxes. For this reason, the objective of this work was to propose a generic IBG model in EMT resolution suitable for short-circuit, protections, and short-term voltage stability studies. For this purpose, the model considered different functionalities, such as synchronization in case of unbalanced voltage sags, flexible negative sequence current injection, peak current limitation, dynamic reactive power control, and fault ride-through (FRT). This model allowed grid operators to meet the challenge of performing accurate simulations with high integration of renewable resources in their energy matrix. The model was also based on a voltage-controlled current source in the ATP/EMTP software. The short-circuit response was evaluated in a simulation scenario for different fault events presenting a reliable behavior due to the consideration of technical and regulatory requirements and constraints of IBGs. Finally, the proposed model has a fast initialization and is suitable for simulations with large time steps, making it valuable for EMT simulations in large grids.