Training Nigerian pharmacy interns for leadership and clinical pharmacy advancement using the ADDIE method of instructional design

Abstract

Background: Leadership skills are required to promote and advance clinical pharmacy practice in Nigeria. The Nigerian pharmacy curriculum does not include any modules or training in leadership. Objective: A twelve-month online training on leadership and clinical pharmacy improvement was designed and delivered to intern pharmacists in Nigeria using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) method of instructional design. The goal was to train interns to demonstrate leadership skills by identifying gaps in patient care or medication use processes at their practice sites and developing projects to solve them. Method: The Kirkpatrick's four-level method of training evaluation was used to assess the training. Result: About 42% of participants completed the training with the required capstone project. Conclusion: This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of a yearlong training designed to provide pharmacy interns in Nigeria with the necessary leadership skills to advance the field of clinical pharmacy.