The potential of biological agents in soil disinfection when contaminated with toxic chemicals

Abstract

Pesticides have been widely used to control weeds, diseases and pests of cultivated plants all over the world, mainly since the mid-twentieth century. Pesticides are very widely used for pest control in many countries. The persistent nature of most synthetic pesticides causes serious environmental problems. Decontamination of these dangerous chemicals is very important. This review paper examines the potential of various biological agents in the disinfection of agricultural soils. The fields of agricultural crops are polluted by the periodic use of pesticides. Biodegradation is an eco-friendly, economical, highly effective approach compared to expensive and environmentally hazardous physical and chemical methods. Biodegradation is sensitive to the concentration levels of hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen, as well as to changes in the microbial community, temperature and acidity. Experimental work for optimal conditions on a laboratory scale can give very fruitful results about specific strains of bacteria and fungi. This study revealed the advantage of bioremediation over physico-chemical approaches. Further research should be conducted to understand the mechanisms of biotransformation.