International governance of technological carbon removal: Surfacing questions, exploring solutions

Abstract

This paper examines questions about governing technological carbon removal methods, proposes potential avenues for resolving emerging challenges, and explores the role that existing international bodies and processes may be able to play in resolution. It aims to inform research and orient civil society, academic, and other groups focused on supporting responsible scale-up of technological carbon removal, as well as international bodies able to implement guidance that countries may use as they develop plans for technological CDR deployment. Key questions and proposed solutions were informed by a literature review; a series of consultations with experts in carbon removal, international climate governance, and deep decarbonization; plus an expert stakeholder meeting. The goal of this work is to spur discussion among stakeholders interested in, or supporting development of, carbon removal policy, including those working with or in international bodies responsible for guiding and overseeing international climate planning. It is important to note that carbon removal approaches traditionally known as “nature-based” or “natural,” including tree restoration and forest management, are not within the scope of this paper, as they have long been included in climate plans.