The Bandit and Insurgent Attacks on Health and Education Infrastructure Hinder Access to Primary Healthcare and Education in Northern Nigeria

Abstract

Armed conflict is a significant global issue that has far-reaching effects on various sectors, including the economy, education and healthcare. In Nigeria, two of the most severe conflicts are the Boko Haram insurgency in the northeast and the surge in armed banditry in the northwest and north-central which have detrimental effects on the healthcare and education systems in the region. Here, we examine the impact of the conflicts on healthcare services and access to education. Recent attacks suggest an increase in terrorism, banditry, arms trafficking, and drug-related threats. Evidence suggests secret cooperation between terrorist groups and bandits in northern Nigeria, resulting in well-organized gangs establishing underground fiefdoms, and launching attacks on education and health facilities. The attacks have led to the interruption of essential services, which has increased the rates of maternal and newborn mortality, malnutrition, and the occurrence of infectious diseases. Similarly, the two groups have killed kidnapped, raped and displaced thousands of school children and teachers. In 2021 alone over 1000 schoolchildren were kidnapped with dozens of school facilities destroyed or abandoned. The number of children who are not enrolled in school has climbed from 10.5 million prior to the conflict to almost 20 million in 2022, underscoring the effect of the crisis on school enrollments. No doubt, these kinds of conflicts have generational consequences. Therefore, a comprehensive approach that addresses the root causes of the conflicts, fosters peace and stability, and provides humanitarian help to achieve sustainable development to address these concerns, is necessary.