1. Bordwell, David (1993), The Cinema of Eisenstein, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp. 220-3.
2. Bulgakowa, Oksana (1998/2001), Sergei Eisenstein: A Biography, Berlin: Potemkin Press, pp. 125-46.
3. Eisenstein, Sergei (1995), Beyond the Stars: The Memoirs of Sergei Eisenstein, Richard Taylor (ed.), (trans. William Powell), Calcutta: Seagull Books-British Film Institute, pp. 545-6.
4. Macdonald, Dwight (1969), Dwight Macdonald on Movies, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, pp. 215, 244, 253.
5. Wollen, Peter (1971), Signs and Meaning in the Cinema, London: Secker and Warburg, pp. 56, 46.