Validating Reciprocity: Supporting Young Fathers’ Continued Involvement with Their Children

Abstract

Although young fathers are important contributors to families, their involvement has long been overlooked in research literature. This article details in-depth interviews conducted with 13 young fathers to identify factors related to their family involvement. Findings, informed by generative theory, indicate that many factors support involvement. Fathers draw support from internal resources and positive relationships, and negative past experiences can serve as motivating factors. Additionally, validating reciprocity between fathers and children maximizes emotional rewards and minimizes emotional costs, thereby contributing to involvement. Relevant recommendations are discussed, including replacing deficit fatherhood models with generative research to build on young fathers’ existing motives for involvement, and incorporating validating reciprocity into parenting programs, to help fathers respond to their children.