ACHIEVEMENTS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY IN THE FIELD OF MICROSCOPY AND VISUALIZATION OF NANOSYSTEMS

Abstract

The review presents modern views and the history of the development of microscopic studies of nanosystems which heve been started 2014, after the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Eric Betzig, William Mörner, and Stefan Gell "for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy". Their work ushered in a new era of optical microscopy, enabling the precise examination of individual molecules and molecular clusters by using optical microscopes. By circumventing the diffraction limitations that had constrained traditional optical microscopes, scientists gained access to the nanoscale realm, investigating structures within the 1–100 nanometer range. Special attention is paid to the use of carbon quantum dots and plasmon resonance to enhance fluorescence when obtaining the effect of super-resolution images, which allow the use of optical microscopes in the estimation of the sizes of cluster and single molecules. This breakthrough in removing the diffraction li­mitation allowed scientists to use the working range of 1–100 nm and obtain 3D images of nanosystems and images of living cells. Particular attention is paid to the achievements and prospects of high-resolution fluorescent nanoscopy SRM, which is successfully deve­lo­ping and studying the nanoworld in the range of 1–100 nm at the level of scanning electron microscopy. In cell biology, nanomedicine, etc. are developing roadmaps for scientific breakthroughs in super-resolution visualization me­thods for "live" images. Prospects of Immuno-­SERS microscopy and medicine of indivi­dual diagnosis are considered Key Findings: This article highlights the achievements and future prospects of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy SRM. High-resolution fluorescence microscopy has proven instrumental in advancing our understanding of the living world within the 1–100 nanometer range, which is akin to the capabilities of scanning electron microscopy. Within the domains of cell biology and nanomedicine, roadmaps for scientific breakthroughs are emerging, fueled by super-re­so­lution imaging techniques, providing "live" insights into cellular processes. The horizons of Immuno-SERS Microscopy and Personalized Diagnostics Medicine are expanding, promising exciting prospects in the field of medical diagnostics.