Study of Birth Complications in Diabetic Mothers

Abstract

The current study was being performed to evaluate the birth complications in diabetic mothers; including both maternal and fetal complications; miscarriages. The nature of study was observational cross-sectional. The study was being taken place at different hospitals, clinical settings, and maternity homes of Lahore during September 2016 - November 2016. The demographic data, family history, socio-economic history, indications, examination findings, results, lab findings etc were recorded. Total 200 pregnant diabetic patients were evaluated for this study. The age limit for this study was 18-40 years. The patients were being analyzed for their FBS/BSR or HbA1cfindings and the type of diabetes was being recorded. Out of 200 patients, 81% had GDM while the remaining patients were being presented with pre-gestational diabetes (type I 5%, type II 14% patients). Most of the GDM cases were being diagnosed during 5th to 8th week of pregnancy. Out of 200 pregnancies, 20.5% (41) of these patients had normal pregnancies, and had no major fetal complications except uncontrolled sugar level in mothers. Remaining 79.5% (159) pregnancies/ deliveries were associated with some major complications including respiratory distress, macrosomia, hypoglycemic babies, CVS malformations and still births/miscarriages. The ratio of normal vaginal delivery to CS was found out to be 29% to & 76%. The major indications for these CS deliveries were placental abruption (19.74%), dystocia (14.47%), uterine rupture (13.16%), breech position (6.58%), fetal distress (46.05%) and to some extent previous CS. The miscarriages were being associated with hypertension (41.5%), polyhydramnios (22%), Hughes syndrome (12.2%), and uncontrolled sugar level (24.3%). In our study population TT immunization status was good i.e. 76%. Diabetes is still a major problem of birth complications and miscarriages. Public awareness program is required to educate the people about reproductive health and to motivate them to undergo BSR/FBS during pregnancy prior to 24thgestational weeks to diagnose for GDM.