Characteristics of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in 2016-2020 at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali

Abstract

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a bone marrow malignancy that is the most common cause of death in children. This study aims to determine the characteristics of ALL patients in 2016-2020 at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar, Bali. Methods: This study used a retrospective descriptive study with secondary data from 166 patients. Variables assessed in this study included: demographic characteristics (age, gender, place of origin), complete blood count results include of hemoglobin levels, leukocyte (white blood cell) count, absolute neutrophil count, absolute lymphocyte count, thrombocyte count, and morphology subtype of ALL based on FAB classification from bone marrow aspiration (BMA). Results: From demographic characteristics: most patients' age was in school-age children (>6 - <18 years) about 59.7%, dominated by male (60.2%), place of origin from Bali (71.7%) which is from Denpasar city (23.5%). From the laboratory results, complete blood count found that the most results are moderate anemia in children (54.7%), in adult female (70%), and in adult male (52.9%); leukocytosis in children (41%), in adult (77.8%); neutropenia in children (61.2%), in adult (59.3%); lymphocytosis in children (43.2%), in adult (81.5%); thrombocytopenia in children (97.1%), in adult (100%). From the results of the BMA examination, based on the FAB (French, American, and British) classification, the most common morphology of ALL was L2 subtype (78.9%). Conclusion: Characteristics of patients with ALL at Sanglah General Hospital are dominated by children, male, from Denpasar, Bali, with laboratory results showing moderate anemia, leukocytosis, neutropenia, lymphocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and the most common morphological variants are ALL-L2 subtype.