Hematological profile of children under five years with typhoid fever at Idaman Banjarbaru Hospital, Indonesia

Abstract

Introduction: Typhoid fever is a disease caused by Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, B, C. An estimated 200,000 people die each year from about 21.6 million people infected with typhoid fever. This study aims to determine the hematological profile in typhoid fever cases in children under five at Idaman Banjarbaru Hospital. Methods: The research was carried out with a retrospective descriptive approach with a consecutive sampling technique. The research subjects were children under five diagnosed with typhoid fever recorded in the Idaman Banjarbaru Hospital's medical records for July 2018 to January 2019. Results: The sample consisted of 58 patients, 32 boys, and 26 girls. Most patients were found in 12 - <36 months, namely 28 (48.28%) children. Thirty-eight (65.52%) children have a normal weight. The hematological profile showed that 46.55% of the patients had iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Hematocrit levels decreased in 51.72% of patients. Erythrocyte levels in 86.21% of patients were normal. Low MCV, low MCH, IDA were found in 46.55%, 36.21%, 46.55% of patients. Leukopenia was present in 17.24% of children. All patients had normal basophil values. Eosinopenia, band neutropenia, segmented neutropenia,  lymphocytosis, monocytosis  were found in 69.09%, 90.90%, 56.37%, 58.18%, 58.18% of children, respectively. Thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis were found in the same percentage, 13.80%. Conclusion: The haematological profile of typhoid fever patients in children under five can have different results depending on each child's body's response to S. typhi and S. paratyphi that enter the body.