Phenotypic and genotypic of gram-positive coccus β-hemolysis bacteria isolates from tonsil and nasal of pig and antimicrobial susceptibility test against penicillin G and tetracycline

Abstract

Background: The nasal cavity of a pig serves as an entry point and a habitat for the colonization of commensal microbes and pathogenic bacteria such as bacterial zoonosis. This study aimed to identify the phenotypic and genotypic of Gram-positive β-hemolytic organisms collected from nasal and tonsil swabs of pigs that were collected from the abattoir surrounding outbreak area, complete with testing sensitivity test of the bacterial isolates to Penicillin G and Tetracycline antibiotics. Material and Methods:  Totaling 18 isolates consisting of 9 isolates from nasal and 9 isolates from tonsil of coccus β-Hemolysis bacteria originating from 60 samples were used. These isolates were then conventionally identified, then molecularly using 16S rRNA gene analysis. The sensitivity test was carried out by the Kirby Bauer method following the standards of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: The results of the phenotypic identification (biochemical test) revealed that 9 out of 18 isolates were identified as Enterococcus spp. Furthermore, the confirmation of isolates by molecular analysis i.e. the 16S rRNA gene showed consistency with the biochemical test,  and there was confirmed as Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. The sensitivity test showed as many as 9 isolates resistant to Penicillin G and Tetracycline,  5 isolates were resistant, 1 isolate was sensitive and 3 were intermediates. Moreover, the results of the sensitivity test to Penicillin G and Tetracycline, 5 out of 9 isolates showed resistance to more than one antibiotic. Conclusion: The phenotypic and genotypic of Gram-Positive Coccus β-Hemolysis bacteria isolates from the tonsil and nasal of pigs showed as Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. The use of antibiotics such as Penicillin G and Tetracycline is not recommended for the treatment of this agent resulting in most of the agents being resistant.