Bilateral keratoconus hydrops in a patient with Down Syndrome: a case report

Abstract

Background: Keratoconus has been reported in as many as 8% to 36% of people with Down syndrome. Corneal hydrops, a complication of advanced keratoconus, is characterized by the sudden onset of severe stromal and epithelial edema resulting from descemet membrane rupture. According to previous studies, acute corneal hydrops occurs in between 0.2% and 2.8% of keratoconus patients, while the incidence of corneal hydrops in Down syndrome patients with keratoconus is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the bilateral keratoconus hydrops in a patient with Down Syndrome. Case Presentation: We reported a case of bilateral corneal hydrops in a Down syndrome patient aged 28. Upon arrival, his bilateral visual acuity was fixed to follow the object. Slit-lamp examination revealed bilateral corneal edema and apical corneal scarring, and grade 4 plus keratoconus were seen on the Scheimpflug camera system. The patient receives medical treatment to lessen the patient's symptoms while they wait for a cornea donor to do a transplant. Conclusion: Patients with Down syndrome could experience bilateral corneal hydrops. Strong symptom communication, quick referral, and good cooperation during eye examinations are needed for early detection of this eye condition.