Features of a lullaby as a type of polycode text

Abstract

The article is devoted to identification of the features of the Karachai-Balkarian lullaby as a text of a complex semiotic nature and determination of the role of verbal and non-verbal components in the organization of an integral communicative space. It is postulated that the difference in sign is characteristic not only of modern texts, born of scientific and technological progress, which changed the sign nature of information, but also of a lullaby. It is noted that in linguistics, the study of a lullaby as a polycode text is not one of the intensively developed ones, and in the Karachai-Balkarian language its linguistic understanding and description as a multilayered text is carried out for the first time, which determines the relevance of the work. The main method for analyzing empirical material is the semiotic method of studying the text as an integral system of interdependent signs and symbols. Elements of discourse and phonosemantic analysis are also used. The article separately examines various semiotic layers and components syncretically presented in the text of the lullaby. The article analyzes the units of the lexical-semantic and grammatical levels of the language, which represent the verbal layer, as well as non-verbal means used in addition to the language code that accompany the verbal text of the song. Refrain “ballyau-ballyau”, “bellyay-bellyay” and the dominant sounds of the text «l-l’», «б-б’» according to their acoustic and physical characteristics, they are subordinated to the main strategy of a lullaby - calming and lulling a child. Particular attention is paid to determining the role of verbal and non-verbal signs in the implementation of synsemantics of the text of a lullaby. The novelty of the research lies in the identification of the specificity of the lullaby as a text of a different-sign nature, which manifests itself in the syncretism of various semiotic components, which in the text space are in complementarity relations. The multidimensionality of vectors of interaction of verbal, paraverbal, kinetic, symbolic components in a lullaby is revealed. It has been established that the verbal layer mainly performs an informative function, non-verbal means - expressive and pictorial functions.