The Market of Carbon Units as an Economic and Legal Instrument for the Development of Bioeconomic Systems in Russia

Abstract

The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the launch in 2022 of the Sakhalin experiment - a pilot project in the field of the carbon units market in Russia. The purpose of the article is to analyze the market of carbon units as an effective economic mechanism for the development of bioeconomy in the world and in Russia. The material for the work was the legislation in the field of the Sakhalin experiment, statistical data, as well as current publications by Russian and foreign authors on the topic of carbon markets. The authors used statistical analysis, as well as general economic and special methods of scientific research. As a result of the study, the mechanisms for the formation of the market for carbon units were studied, and the market for carbon units itself was analyzed as an economic and legal tool for the development of bioeconomic systems on a national and international scale. The analysis of statistical information showed that the carbon market almost doubled from 2018 to 2020, as well as its extremely uneven distribution among the countries of the world: 88% of the carbon market falls on the EU countries and 10% on the USA, the role of other countries is insignificant. In Russia, the carbon market was launched in an experimental form on Sakhalin only in September 2022, but the first results of the experiment can only be assessed in 2024, when the first quotas start working. In 2025, it is planned to achieve carbon neutrality in the Sakhalin Region.