Abstract
This paper examines the intricate interplay between political economy and manufacturing practices, encompassing both conventional and nonconventional methods in a global context. It explores how political and economic factors shape manufacturing strategies, with a focus on technological innovation, labor dynamics, sustainability, and regulatory frameworks. Comparative case studies highlight disparities between developed and developing economies, revealing distinct approaches to industrial policies and their impacts on economic outcomes. The findings underscore the importance of balancing traditional manufacturing strengths with advancements in Industry 4.0 technologies to enhance competitiveness and sustainability. Policy recommendations advocate for strategic government interventions that promote innovation, support workforce adaptation, and foster international collaboration in manufacturing sectors.
Reference36 articles.
1. Porter, M. E., & Ketels, C. H. M. (2013). Competitiveness in global industries: A conceptual framework. In M. E. Porter, & C. H. M. Ketels (Eds.), Competitiveness in Global Industries (pp. 15-64). Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation.
2. UNCTAD. (2020). World Investment Report 2020: International Production Beyond the Pandemic. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
3. Cohn, S. (2012). Political economy: Theory and practice. Oxford University Press.
4. Cohen, B. J. (2008). International political economy: An intellectual history. Princeton University Press.
5. Harvey, D. (2010). A companion to Marx's Capital. Verso Books.