Postoperative chronic pain incidence and etiology in coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a prospective study

Abstract

Introduction: Post-operative chronic pain (POCP), after updated by Werner-Kongsgaard, is defined as the pain developed after the surgical procedure or increased in intensity after the procedure, as the continuation of acute postoperative pain, localized in the surgical area, lasted at least 3 months, and other causes of pain excluded. In our study, we aimed to prospectively examine the prevalence of POCP and risk factors in the first three months after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABGS). Methods: Between June 2019 and December 2020, a numerical rating scale (NRS) was announced by the study team to evaluate the preoperative pain levels of patients undergoing CABGS in a university hospital. When patients came for the control on the 15th postoperative day, physical examinations were performed, pain status was evaluated, and followed up by phone for three months (30, 60 and 90 days postoperatively). The study, which started with 158 patients, was completed with 110 patients. Results: The patients were divided into two groups as the patients with pain (those with POCP) and the painless group (those without POCP). While there were 39 patients (35.5%) in the group of patients with pain, 71 patients (64.5%) were in the painless group. The proportion of female patients in the group of patients with pain was significantly higher than the painless group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: As a result of our study, postoperative chronic pain is seen in one of every three patients after cardiac surgery. We observed that the risk increased in female patients and in patients with severe preoperative anxiety.