The structure and chemistry of 94 m Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice

Abstract

AbstractOptical microscopy, X-ray topography, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy have been used for microstructural analysis of ice from 94 m depth from Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2. the ice had a high density of air bubbles, a 2 mm grain-size and contained a high dislocation density in most grains (>1×1010 m–2), although a few lower-dislocation-density grains were present. the main impurities, Na and Cl, were found in several grain boundaries and triple points, often as filaments. Na and Cl were also found in the lattice, but to a lesser extent, along with S, Mg, K and Ca. These observations are compared to previous studies of dislocations and impurity locations in natural ice.