Defisiensi Vitamin D sebagai Salah Satu Faktor Risiko Kematian pada Pasien COVID-19: Studi Tinjauan Pustaka

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease and to date become a global pandemic. COVID-19 has symptoms varies in severity from mild to severe and can be fatal. Vitamin D deficiency could affect individual's immunity and increase the risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients.Methods: We did a literature review study to describe the association between vitamin D deficiency and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Literature search was done using PubMed database with keyword “COVID-19” AND “Vitamin D Deficiency” AND “Outcome”. Articles published before June 30th 2021 and published in English language were included in this study. Inclusion criteria is case control or cohort study which evaluate association between vitamin D deficiency and mortality in COVID-19 patients.Result: 13 eligible articles which met inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study. All subjects in included studies were COVID-19 patients confirmed by laboratory RT-PCR. Mean age of the subjects in included studies were range from 55-79 years old, with proportion of male more than female in most of the studies. 25(OH)D level <20 ng/ml was definition of vitamin D deficiency most often used. Vitamin D deficiency were significantly associated with COVID-19 mortality, with OR in 3 studies range from 3,87-6,84 and HR in 3 studies range from 4,15-14,73.Conclusion: This literature review concluded that vitamin D deficiency had the potency to be risk factor for mortality in COVID-19 patients.