Faktor Risiko Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Malaria di Wilayah Distrik Jayapura Selatan Kota Jayapura

Abstract

Latar belakang: Distrik Jayapura Selatan merupakan daerah endemis dengan angka malaria tertinggi ketiga dari 5 Distrik yang ada di Kota Jayapura. Kasus Malaria di Kota Jayapura tahun 2019 sebanyak 28.648 kasus dengan API 92.55/1000 penduduk, tahun 2020 sebanyak 28.075 kasus dengan API 89.35/1000 penduduk, sedangkan tahun 2021 sebanyak 30.235 kasus dengan API 99,49/1000 penduduk. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan faktor lingkungan fisik dan perilaku masyarakat dengan kejadian malaria di wilayah Distrik Jayapura Selatan Kota Jayapura.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode observasional dengan pendekatan case control yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai Agustus 2022. Sampel berjumlah 120 responden dengan rincian 60 case dan 60 control mengunakan rumus dari teori Lemeshow. Analisis data dengan uji chi square dan Odds Ratio untuk menentukan besarnya risiko.Hasil: Menunjukkan ada hubungan antara kerapatan dinding rumah (p = 0,018; OR = 3.872), keberadaan Plafon/langit-langit rumah (p = 0,010; OR = 3.250), keberadaan kassa pada ventilasi rumah (p = 0,000; OR = 5.182), keberadaan breeding place (p = 0,037; OR = 2,753), keberadaan resting place (p = 0,001; OR = 3.512), tindakan (p = 0,000; OR = 6.909), variabel yang menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan adalah pengetahuan (p = 0,345; OR = 0.638) dan sikap (p = 0,697; OR = 1.357).Simpulan: Kondisi fisik rumah (kerapatan dinding, plafon/langit-langit, adanya kassa pada ventilasi), keberadaan breeding place dan resting place Anopheles di sekitar rumah serta tindakan melakukan pencegahan malaria berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria di wilayah Distrik Jayapura Selatan Kota Jayapura. Title: Risk Factors Affecting Malaria Incidence in the South Jayapura District, Jayapura CityBackground: South Jayapura District is an endemic area with the third highest malaria rate out of 5 districts in Jayapura City. Malaria cases in Jayapura City in 2019 were 28,648 cases with API 92.55/1000 population, in 2020 there were 28,075 cases with API 89.35/1000 population, while in 2021 there were 30,235 cases with API 99.49/1000 population. This study aims to analyze the relationship between physical environmental factors and community behavior with the incidence of malaria in the South Jayapura District, Jayapura City.Methods: The study used an observational method with a case control approach which was carried out from May to August 2022. The sample consisted of 120 respondents with details of 60 cases and 60 controls using the formula from Lemeshow theory. Data analysis with chi square test and Odds Ratio to determine the magnitude of the risk.Results: Shows that there is a relationship between the density of the walls of the house (p = 0.018; OR = 3.872), the presence of ceilings/ceilings (p = 0.010; OR = 3.250), the presence of gauze on the ventilation of the house (p = 0.000; OR = 5.182) , presence of breeding place (p = 0.037; OR = 2.753), presence of resting place (p = 0.001; OR = 3.512), action (p = 0.000; OR = 6.909), the variable that showed no relationship was knowledge (p = 0.345). ; OR = 0.638) and attitude (p = 0.697; OR = 1.357).Conclusion: The physical condition of the house (density of walls, ceilings/ceilings, the presence of gauze on the ventilation), the existence of breeding places and resting places of Anopheles around the house and actions to prevent malaria are related to the incidence of malaria in the South Jayapura District, Jayapura City.