Development of a Holistic Nursing Model Based on Transcultural Nursing to Improve the Quality of Life of Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Introduction: The management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) primarily emphasizes physical care, yet the quality of life (QoL) remains suboptimal. Often, the management of diabetes neglects psychological, socio-cultural, and spiritual aspects, which are essential components of transcultural nursing. Developing a holistic nursing model rooted in transcultural nursing is imperative to enhance QoL in individuals with T2DM.Purpose: This study aimed to develop a nursing model based on transcultural nursing to enhance the QoL of individuals with T2DM.Methods: In this study, an explanatory research design with a cross-sectional approach was employed. A sample of 145 individuals diagnosed with T2DM was recruited using a simple random sampling technique. A self-developed questionnaire was utilized, incorporating factors from Dossey's holistic nursing model, Leininger's transcultural nursing model, and a Quality of Life (QoL) questionnaire. The study's variables included respondent characteristics, technological factors, religious and life philosophy factors, social and kinship factors, cultural and lifestyle factors, biological factors, psychological factors, holistic nursing based on transcultural nursing, and QoL. Inferential statistics, specifically Smart PLS-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), were employed for data analysis.Results: The findings revealed that the holistic nursing model based on transcultural nursing in individuals with T2DM was directly influenced by several factors. Specifically, respondent characteristics (t=3.313, p=0.001), religious and life philosophy (t=2.836, p=0.005), social and kinship (t=2.579, p=0.010), cultural and lifestyle (t=2.833, p=0.005), biological (t=2.718, p=0.007), and psychological (t=2.497, p=0.013) factors showed significant influence. However, the technological factor was not significant (t=0.802, p=0.423). Furthermore, there was a direct influence of holistic nursing based on transcultural nursing on the quality of life (t=9.124, p=0.000).Conclusion: The holistic nursing model based on transcultural nursing encompasses six variables: respondent characteristics, religious and life philosophy, social and kinship, cultural and lifestyle, biological, and psychological factors. This model directly impacts and proves useful in enhancing the quality of life of individuals with T2DM.