Minocycline-Induced Black Bone Disease in Foot and Ankle Surgery: A Case Report

Abstract

Background: Bone and periarticular tissue discoloration can be an unexpected finding that is often disconcerting for surgeons and may alter surgical plans and overall patient management. Common causes of bone discoloration include infection, avascular necrosis, and bone inflammation. Minocycline-induced black bone disease is a rare and relatively benign abnormality encountered in foot and ankle surgery that can cause significant black, blue, and gray discoloration of bone. Methods: Unanticipated intraoperative findings of diffuse black, blue, and gray bone discoloration during an elective forefoot operation raised concern for a metabolically malignant process and prompted the conversion of plans for a first metatarsophalangeal joint implant arthroplasty to a Keller arthroplasty. The plan for proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasties of the lesser digits were continued as planned. Bone specimens were sent for pathologic analysis. Results: Postoperative analysis identified chronic use of a minocycline for acne vulgaris. Pathologic analysis of the specimens ruled out malignant processes. Altogether, the data available led to the diagnosis of minocycline-induced black bone disease. Since the last follow-up, the patient has healed well without complications. Conclusions: Our case report underscores the importance of including the chronic use of tetracyclines in medical history intake during preoperative visits to assist the surgeon in intraoperative decision-making.