Evolution of the MRT method and current possibilities of its use in prenatal diagnosis of foetal anomalies (literature review)

Abstract

   This article is a comprehensive review of the evolution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for fetal imaging from the beginning of the 21st century to 2023. The focus is on new techniques, protocols, and technologies, including the use of 1.5 Tesla and 3 Tesla MRI. Teratogenic effects, ultrafast sequences, application of T1­ and T2­weighted imaging sequenc­es, and advanced techniques such as diffusion­weighted imaging (DWI), SWI technology with guided wave overlay in parallel imaging (CAIPI) are reviewed. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging is becoming a key modality in obstetric diagnosis, signifi­cantly overcoming the limitations of ultrasound. The evolution of MRI techniques reflects a constant endeavour to improve image quality, reduce risks and expand diagnostic capabilities.