Modern methods of radiation imaging of the pathology of the temporomandibular joint

Abstract

   Modern methods of radiation imaging play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathologies. This article examines the main imaging tech­niques, including radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (ultrasound) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Radiography, including panoramic and transcranial images, remains the main method of primary assessment of TMJ bone structures, due to its accessibility and low cost. Computed tomography with subsequent reconstruction provides detailed three­dimensional images of bones, which is es­pecially useful when planning surgical interventions, but have a high radiation dose. Magnetic resonance imaging is considered the “gold standard” for imaging TMJ soft tissues, such as the articular disc and ligaments, without the use of ionizing radiation. Ultrasound, being an affordable and non­invasive method, allows you to evaluate soft tissues in real time, but its diagnostic value depends on the experience of the operator. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) Combines the advantages of CT and radiography, providing high­resolution images with low radiation dose, making it ideal for evaluating bone structures. Current research is also aimed at integrating hybrid imaging techniques such as PET­CT and PET­MRI, and using artificial intelligence to automatically interpret images. The correct choice of imaging method depends on the specific clinical situation and the objectives of the study. Modern radiation imaging technologies significantly improve the accuracy of diagnosis and the effectiveness of treatment of TMJ pathologies, providing better medical care to patients.