Antitumor Activities of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles using Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Leaves Extract

Abstract

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from plant extracts is considered one of the green chemistry methods, as this method is characterized by ease, fast and low cost to manipulate. Interestingly, AgNPs have an important role, especially in nano-medicine.  Using AgNPs for cancer therapy are an affordable way to control tumor growth and constitute a choice strategy to fight cancer cells. First type of conventional cancer treatment is surgical treatment then radiation and chemotherapy. However, these treatments may work for some cancer subtypes, and have various side effects, in most cases, with high doses. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using Dodonaea viscosa leaves extract. The formation of these particles was confirmed through the color change, UV-Visible Spectrophotometer displaying at 463nm.While the particles characterization was done by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) band and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy which revealed the effective functional groups that have ability to bio-reduction silver ion Ag+. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) determined the crystal structure of silver nanoparticles, as shown by the peaks at 2θ values of 38.1874, 46.2491, 57.5409 and76. 8313ο.The atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis showed the size and the surface properties of biosynthesized nanoparticles, and the silver nanoparticles had an average size of 60.22 nm. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed spherical shape of AgNPs and having different average diameter D1 (21.10), D2 (21.39) and D3 (11.86) nm. In vitro, the synthesized AgNPs exhibited potential anti-tumor activities against human lung cancer (A549) and ovarian cancer (SK-OV-3) carcinoma cell lines in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 1.73 and 2.23µg.ml-1, respectively. Our results showed the promising use of AgNPs as an alternative treatment for cancer cells directly and selectively on A549 cell line at concentrations (2.000, 1.699, 1.398 and 1.301 μg /mL).