1. Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University ofHawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822.
2. U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawai'i National Park, Hawai'i 96718.
3. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Hilo, Hawai'i 96720.