Biological, Biochemical and Thermochemical Techniques for Biofuel Production: an Updated Review

Abstract

Environmental sustainability requirements and rising energy demands, as well as the depletion of conventional energy resources and environmental deterioration as a result of abrupt climate change, have redirected scientists' focus. For sustainable development, look for renewable sources of green and clean energy. Bioenergy is a great alternative because it may be used to meet a variety of energy needs with the right conversion technology. This overview covers all aspects of biofuels (bioethanol, biodiesel, and butanol) and the criteria for their long-term viability. The focus is on the most recent breakthroughs in biofuel production, emphasizing the role of nanotechnology. In addition, a slew of studies is being conducted on developing strategies for process optimization, such as integration methodologies, less energy-intensive distillation processes, and microbe bioengineering talked about. This can assist in making biofuel production in a real-world market more economically and environmentally viable.