Synthesis and Characterizations of Hydroxyapatite using Precursor Extracted from Chicken Egg Shell Waste

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is considered to be one of the most important members of bio-ceramic materials. HAP is widely investigated for the development of biomaterials because of having remarkable chemical similarity to the mineral component, which comprises the bone and hard tissues. The focus of research is to make the whole process eco-friendly, economical, and minimal waste generating. HAP is one of the biomaterials that can be synthesized using naturally occurring wastes such as chicken eggshells, fish scales, etc. The purpose of this research work is to synthesize HAP from Eggshell waste (ESW). The method of preparation used in the current study is the Conventional chemical precipitation method followed by calcination at diverse temperatures. Characterizations of the Eggshell waste extracted from natural HAP powder were carried out using Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD analysis showed the formation of HAP and gave a characteristic apatite peak at 31.8 to 32.5 for 2θ values. The peaks of FTIR spectrum displays carbonate (CO32-), phosphate (PO43-), and hydroxyl (OH-) groups in the powder sample, which confirms the synthesis of that HAP. EDX validates the elemental composition of HAP by giving the Ca/P ratio, which comes out to be 1.64 for the uncalcined HAP powder. This obtained HAP is the nearest to the pure HAP, which has a Calcium to Phosphate ratio of 1.67. The HAP derived from ESW was synthesized and validated from the results.