Study on the Chemistry Identification and Assessment of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of the Biologically Active Constituents from the Roots of Arnebia Euchroma for Promising Application in Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical

Abstract

The recent work aims to investigate different extracts of A. euchroma as a medicinal plant and evaluate their phytochemicals screening, chemical compositions, total phenols content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The plant's roots were extracted with various solvents: ethanol, n-Hexane, and chloroform through the maceration method at ambient temperature for several days. All extracts were filtered and evaporated to dryness using a rotary evaporator and vacuum oven. The chemical compositions, spectroscopy analysis, total phenols, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of three prepared extracts were evaluated by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), UV-vis, High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR), 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and MIC and MBC methods, as well as the structure and surface morphologies of the bacteria after and before treatment, were imaged by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The phytochemical screening demonstrated that the extracts contain tannins, saponin, alkaloid, and anthraquinone. This result was supported via LC-MS analysis, which confirmed the existence of several components. The highest amount of phenols was detected in n-hexane extract, and the lowest was in chloroform. All extracts had good antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 3.9 µg/ml for ethanol and chloroform extract and 7.8 µg/ml for n-hexane in the DPPH assay. The extracts inhibited both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria's growth at a 300-700 µg/ml MIC. LC-MS analysis showed the presence of phenolic compounds, which had high antioxidant activity. It could be used as a potent antioxidant and antibacterial agent with remarkable prospects in pharmaceutical and nanoformulation.