Physicochemical Analysis of Graphene Oxide-Reinforced Cassava Starch Biocomposites

Abstract

Despite the proven application of cassava starch as biocomposites, the starch still has several drawbacks in physical and mechanical properties that need to improve to ensure its commercialization in the future. Thus, in this study, the modification of cassava starch-based (CP) properties was made by adding graphene oxide (GO) filler into cassava starch solution via starch intercalation method. Several physicochemical analyses were performed using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The effects of GO content in different concentrations to the mechanical, water uptake, biodegradation, and fungi observation under the microscope were also determined. FTIR spectra of GO-reinforced cassava exhibited all significant peaks from CP and GO present. SEM images show an irregular texture and layered structure of GO. The biocomposites produced from 10% GO (C10) has superior properties with a tensile strength of 1.60 MPa, Young Modulus of 189 MPa, and elongation at a break of 2.88 mm. The decrease of residual weight and water uptake percentages at higher concentrations of GO elucidate the biocomposites' enhanced properties. The improved resistance against fungus also resulted from the incorporation of GO into the cassava starch matrix.