Comprehensive Analysis of an Unsteady Radiated MHD Natural Convective Nanofluid in the Existence of Magnetic Field Fixed to the Vertical Plate or to the Fluid

Abstract

Analytical analysis has been done for the unsteady, natural convective flow of an impulsive water-based nanofluid consisting of nanoparticles Cu, Al2O3, and TiO2 through a vertical plate under a uniform magnetic field when the magnetic field fixed to the plate (K=1) or to the fluid (K=0). For this model, we considered a radiative heat flux as well as pressure gradient defined by the Boussinesq’s approximation in the energy equation for a non-scattering medium. The Governing PDE’s are derived and transformed to dimensionless form and then obtained a closed-form solution using Laplace transform procedure without any limitation. The fluid properties have been discussed for a moving and the static plate through graphs for different water-based nanoparticles and also dimensionless parameters such as volume fraction parameter(Ø), radiation parameter(Nr), and magnetic parameter(M^2), Grashof number(Gr) etc. of the physical model.