Nature of pathological changes on magnetic resonance imaging of the CNS in patients with focal forms of acute tick-borne encephalitis

Abstract

Introduction. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a widespread natural focal viral neuroinfection in Russia and the Sverdlovsk region. The high level of morbidity, leading to disability, and the annual registration of focal forms and lethal cases determine the relevance of the search for early differential diagnostic criteria for acute tickborne encephalitis (TBE). A promising direction in the early diagnosis of TBE is acquired by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).The aim of the study was to study the features of the MRI picture in patients with focal forms of TBE.Material and methods. The study included 38 patients with focal forms of OKE who were treated in the neurological department of Sverdlonsk regional clinical hospital № 1 since 2009 to 2019.Results. In the acute period of focal forms of TBE, pathological changes of an inflammatory nature during MRI of the CNS were more often detected in the cerebral hemispheres (mainly in the white matter) in 40.4 % and subcortical structures in 36.8 %, in the brainstem in 16.7 %, less often in 6.1 % – in the region of the cerebellum and spinal cord. Bilateral nature and combined lesions of the CNS structures were detected 2 times more often. Discussion A detailed analysis of the localization and nature of MRI changes in the CNS in patients with severe focal forms of the disease, in contrast to single descriptions of the MRI picture of TBE according to the literature, made it possible to identify combined lesions of the frontal and parietal lobes characteristic of TBE in combination with pathological changes in the region of the thalamus and basal ganglia.Conclusion. Identification of typical MRI changes in the CNS in patients with a clinical picture of viral encephalitis in the spring-summer period contributes to the early diagnosis of a severe course of TBE.