Features of the lymphocytic microenvironment in metastatic uveal melanoma

Author:

Shamanova A. Y.1,Kazachkov E. L.2,Panova I. Е.3,Vazhenin A. V.1ORCID,Shamaeva Т. N.2,Alymov Е. A.4

Affiliation:

1. Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Center of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine; South Ural State Medical University

2. South Ural State Medical University

3. S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery State Institution, St. Petersburg branch

4. Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Center of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine

Abstract

Introduction. Uveal melanoma is a malignant neoplasm of the vascular tract of the eye. Prevention of metastasis of this tumor is one of the main tasks in order to increase the rates of relapse-free survival of patients. Despite the pronounced immunosuppressive activity of uveal melanoma cells, its lymphocytic microenvironment exerts its antitumor effect.Aim of the study. Compare the lymphocytic microenvironment of primary uveal melanomas and distant metastases (to the liver).Мaterials and methods. The tissue material of choroid melanoma after enucleation and the material of tumor metastases for the period 2013-2018 were studied. An immunohistochemical study was performed using CD8, CD4, and CD56 markers for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of lymphocytes in the tumor stroma.Results. Differences were found in the lymphocytic infiltration of the uveal melanoma stroma and its distant metastases. A statistically significantly greater representation of CD4, CD8-lymphocytes and CD56 cells in tumor metastases than in primary melanoma tissue samples, with CD4-lymphocytes predominant. A direct high-strength correlation was registered between the number of CD4-lymphocytes and CD8-lymphocytes.Discussion. Malignant cells actively modify their cellular and stromal-vascular environment, ensuring their active growth and reproduction. The question of the immune reactivity of the surrounding cells in relation to uveal melanoma remains debatable. According to our data, which is consistent with a number of other studies, uveal melanoma cells do not completely evade the body's immune response. Thus, the determination of possible points of antitumor exposure can be based on a detailed study of the microenvironment of uveal melanoma. Conclusions. The pronounced lymphocytic infiltrate found in uveal melanoma metastases in comparison with the primary tumor indicates an active immune response of the body to the tumor. These results of our study confirm the importance of further studying the immune-mediated antitumor effect on uveal melanoma and the need to investigate possible approaches to immunotherapy.

Publisher

Ural State Medical University

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